Menene MIMO?

1.   Menene MIMO?

A wannan zamanin na haɗin kai, wayoyin hannu, a matsayin taga don mu'amala da duniyar waje, kamar sun zama wani ɓangare na jikinmu.

Amma wayar hannu ba za ta iya hawan intanet da kanta ba, hanyar sadarwar wayar salula ta zama mahimmanci da ruwa da wutar lantarki ga ɗan adam.Lokacin da kake zazzage intanet, ba ka jin mahimmancin waɗannan jaruman a bayan fage.Da zarar ka tashi, sai ka ji kamar ba za ka iya rayuwa ba.

Akwai lokacin, ana cajin intanet ɗin wayoyin hannu ta hanyar zirga-zirga, matsakaicin kuɗin shiga na mutum kaɗan ne kaɗan, amma 1MHz yana buƙatar kashe tsabar kuɗi.Don haka, lokacin da kuka ga Wi-Fi, za ku ji lafiya.

Bari mu ga yadda na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa ya yi kama.

8 eriya, yana kama da gizo-gizo.

Shin siginar na iya wucewa ta bango biyu ko fiye?Ko kuma saurin intanet zai ninka biyu?

Ana iya samun waɗannan tasirin ta hanyar na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa, kuma ana samun ta tare da eriya da yawa, sanannen fasahar MIMO.

MIMO, wanda shine Multi-input Multi fitarwa.

Yana da wuya a yi tunanin haka, dama?Menene Multi-input Multi-fitarwa, ta yaya eriya za ta iya cimma dukkan tasirin?Lokacin da kake zazzage intanet ta hanyar kebul na cibiyar sadarwa, haɗin kai tsakanin kwamfuta da intanit kebul na zahiri ne, a fili.Yanzu bari mu yi tunanin lokacin da muke amfani da eriya don aika sigina ta cikin iska ta amfani da igiyoyin lantarki.Iskar tana aiki kamar waya amma kama-da-wane, tashar watsa sigina da ake kira tashar mara waya.

Don haka, ta yaya za ku iya yin saurin intanet?

Ee, kun yi gaskiya!Ana iya warware shi ta wasu ƴan eriya, ƴan ƙarin wayoyi masu kama da juna tare don aikawa da karɓar bayanai.An tsara MIMO don tashar mara waya.

Daidai da masu amfani da hanyar sadarwa mara waya, tashar 4G da wayar hannu suna yin abu iri ɗaya.

Godiya ga Fasahar MIMO, wacce aka haɗa ta tare da 4G, za mu iya samun saurin intanet cikin sauri.A lokaci guda, farashin ma'aikatan wayar salula ya ragu sosai;za mu iya kashe ƙasa don fuskantar saurin intanet mara iyaka da sauri.Yanzu za mu iya ƙarshe kawar da dogaronmu akan Wi-Fi kuma mu hau intanet koyaushe.

Yanzu, bari in gabatar da menene MIMO?

2.Rarraba MIMO

Da farko dai, MIMO ɗin da muka ambata a baya yana nufin ƙaruwar saurin hanyar sadarwa a cikin zazzagewar.Wannan saboda, a yanzu, muna da ƙarin ƙarfin buƙata don saukewa.Ka yi tunani game da shi, za ka iya zazzage ɗimbin bidiyoyi na GHz amma ka loda galibi kaɗan kaɗan MHz.

Tunda ana kiran MIMO shigarwar da yawa da abubuwan samarwa da yawa, hanyoyin watsawa da yawa ana ƙirƙira su ta eriya da yawa.Tabbas, ba kawai tashar tushe tana tallafawa watsa eriya da yawa ba, har ma wayar hannu tana buƙatar saduwa da liyafar eriya da yawa.

Bari mu duba zane mai sauƙi kamar haka: (A gaskiya eriyar tashar tushe tana da girma, kuma eriyar wayar salula ƙanana ce kuma ta ɓoye. Amma ko da nau'i daban-daban, suna cikin matsayi iri ɗaya.)

Dangane da adadin eriya na tashar tashar da wayoyin hannu, ana iya raba shi zuwa nau'i hudu: SISO, SIMO, MISO da MIMO.

SISO: Shigarwa Guda Daya da Fitowa Guda

SIMO: Shigarwa Guda ɗaya da Fitarwa da yawa

MISO: Matsaloli da yawa da Fitarwa guda ɗaya

MIMO: Fitowa da yawa da Fitowa da yawa

Bari mu fara da SISO:

Za'a iya bayyana mafi sauƙi nau'i a cikin sharuɗɗan MIMO azaman SISO - Fitarwa Guda Daya.Wannan mai watsawa yana aiki tare da eriya ɗaya azaman des mai karɓa.Babu bambanci, kuma babu ƙarin aiki da ake buƙata.

Akwai eriya daya na tashar tushe daya kuma na wayar hannu;ba sa tsoma baki a tsakanin juna-hanyar watsawa tsakanin su ita ce kawai alaka.

Babu shakka cewa irin wannan tsarin yana da rauni sosai, ƙaramin hanya ne.Duk wani yanayi da ba zato ba tsammani zai haifar da barazana kai tsaye ga sadarwa.

SIMO ya fi kyau saboda an inganta karɓar wayar.

Kamar yadda kake gani, wayar hannu ba za ta iya canza yanayin mara waya ba, don haka ta canza kanta - wayar tana ƙara eriya ga kanta.

Ta wannan hanyar, sakon da aka aiko daga tashar tashar zai iya isa ga wayar hannu ta hanyoyi biyu!Kawai dai dukkansu sun fito ne daga eriya daya a tashar tushe kuma suna iya aika bayanai iri daya ne kawai.

A sakamakon haka, ba kome ba idan kun rasa wasu bayanai akan kowace hanya.Matukar wayar za ta iya samun kwafi daga kowace hanya, kodayake matsakaicin iya aiki ya kasance iri ɗaya akan kowace hanya, yuwuwar karɓar bayanai cikin nasara ya ninka sau biyu.Wannan kuma ana kiransa karɓar bambancin.

Menene MISO?

Wato har yanzu wayar hannu tana da eriya ɗaya, kuma an ƙara adadin eriya da ke cikin tashar zuwa biyu.A wannan yanayin, ana watsa bayanai iri ɗaya daga eriyar masu watsawa guda biyu.Sannan eriyar mai karɓa tana iya karɓar sigina mafi kyau da ainihin bayanai.

Amfanin amfani da MISO shine cewa eriya da yawa da bayanai ana motsa su daga mai karɓa zuwa mai watsawa.Har ila yau tashar tushe na iya aika bayanai iri ɗaya ta hanyoyi biyu;ba kome idan ka rasa wasu bayanai;sadarwa za ta iya ci gaba kamar yadda aka saba.

Kodayake matsakaicin iya aiki ya kasance iri ɗaya, ƙimar nasarar sadarwar ta ninka sau biyu.Wannan hanya kuma ana kiranta watsa diversity.

A ƙarshe, bari muyi magana game da MIMO.

Akwai eriya fiye da ɗaya a kowane ƙarshen hanyar haɗin rediyo, kuma ana kiran wannan MIMO –Maɗaukakin Input Multiple Output.Ana iya amfani da MIMO don samar da haɓakawa a cikin ƙarfin tashoshi biyu da kuma samar da tashar tashoshi.Tashar tushe da gefen wayar hannu na iya amfani da eriya biyu don aikawa da karɓa da kansu, kuma yana nufin an ninka saurin gudu?

Ta wannan hanyar, akwai hanyoyin sadarwa guda huɗu tsakanin tashar tashar da wayar hannu, wanda da alama ya fi rikitarwa.Amma tabbas, saboda tashar tushe da gefen wayar hannu duk suna da eriya 2, yana iya aikawa da karɓar bayanai guda biyu a lokaci guda.Don haka nawa ne girman ƙarfin MIMO ya ƙaru idan aka kwatanta da hanya ɗaya?Daga binciken da ya gabata na SIMO da MISO, yana da alama cewa matsakaicin iya aiki ya dogara da adadin eriya a bangarorin biyu.

Tsarin MIMO gabaɗaya suna kamar A*B MIMO;A yana nufin adadin eriya na tushe, B yana nufin adadin eriyar wayar hannu.Yi tunanin 4*4 MIMO da 4*2 MIMO.Me kuke tunani wanne iya aiki ya fi girma?

4*4 MIMO na iya aikawa da karɓar tashoshi 4 lokaci guda, kuma iyakar ƙarfinsa zai iya kaiwa sau 4 na tsarin SISO.4*2 MIMO zai iya kaiwa sau 2 kawai tsarin SISO.

Wannan ta yin amfani da eriya da yawa da hanyoyin watsawa daban-daban a cikin sarari mai yawa don aika kwafi da yawa na bayanai daban-daban a layi daya don haɓaka iya aiki ana kiransa da rarraba sararin samaniya multiplex.

Don haka, zai iya iyakar iyawar watsawa a cikin tsarin MIMO?Mu zo gwajin.

Har yanzu muna ɗaukar tashar tushe da wayar hannu tare da eriya 2 a matsayin misali.Menene hanyar watsawa tsakanin su?

Kamar yadda kake gani, hanyoyi guda hudu suna bi ta cikin digewa da tsangwama, kuma idan bayanai suka isa wayar salula, ba za su iya bambance juna ba.Shin wannan ba daidai yake da hanya ɗaya ba?A wannan lokacin, tsarin 2*2 MIMO bai zama daidai da tsarin SISO ba?

Hakanan, tsarin 2 * 2 MIMO na iya raguwa zuwa tsarin SIMO, MISO, da sauran tsarin, wanda ke nufin an rage yawan rarraba sararin samaniya zuwa bambancin watsawa ko karɓar bambancin, tsammanin tashar tushe shima ya lalace daga bin babban gudu zuwa ga babban gudu. tabbatar da rabon nasara.

Kuma ta yaya ake nazarin tsarin MIMO ta amfani da alamomin lissafi?

3.Sirrin tashar MIMO

Injiniyoyin suna son yin amfani da alamomin lissafi.

Injiniyoyin sun sanya bayanai daga eriya biyu a tashar a matsayin X1 da X2, bayanan daga eriyar wayar salula kamar Y1 da Y2, hanyoyin watsawa guda hudu an yi musu alama H11, H12, H21, H22.

Yana da sauƙi a lissafta Y1 da Y2 ta wannan hanya.Amma wani lokacin, ƙarfin 2*2 MIMO zai iya kai ninki biyu na SISO, wani lokacin ba zai iya ba, wani lokacin ma ya zama iri ɗaya da SISO.Yaya zaku bayyana shi?

Ana iya bayyana wannan matsala ta hanyar haɗin yanar gizon da muka ambata-mafi girman haɗin kai, da wuya ya bambanta kowane hanyar watsawa a gefen wayar hannu.Idan tashar ta kasance iri ɗaya, to, lissafin biyu sun zama ɗaya, don haka akwai hanya ɗaya kawai don watsa ta.

Babu shakka, asirin tashar MIMO ya ta'allaka ne a cikin hukuncin 'yancin kai na hanyar watsawa.Wato, sirrin yana cikin H11, H12, H21, da H22.Injiniyoyin suna sauƙaƙe lissafin kamar haka:

Injiniyoyin sun yi ƙoƙari su sauƙaƙa H1, H12, H21, da H22, ta wasu sauye-sauye masu rikitarwa, ma'auni kuma a ƙarshe sun canza zuwa dabara.

Abubuwan bayanai guda biyu X'1 da X'2, ninka λ1 da λ2, zaku iya samun Y'1 da Y'2.Menene ma'anar λ1 da λ2?

Akwai sabon matrix.Matrix tare da bayanai akan diagonal ɗaya kawai ana kiransa matrix diagonal.Adadin bayanan marasa sifili akan diagonal ana kiransa matsayi na matrix.A cikin 2*2 MIMO, yana nufin ƙimar mara sifili na λ1 da λ2.

Idan matsayi ya kasance 1, yana nufin tsarin 2*2 MIMO yana da alaƙa sosai a cikin sararin samaniya, wanda ke nufin MIMO ya ragu zuwa SISO ko SIMO kuma yana iya karɓa da watsa duk bayanai lokaci guda.

Idan matsayi ya kasance 2, to tsarin yana da tashoshi na sararin samaniya guda biyu masu zaman kansu.Yana iya aikawa da karɓar bayanai a lokaci guda.

Don haka, idan matsayi ya kasance 2, shin ƙarfin waɗannan tashoshi biyu na watsawa ya ninka na ɗaya?Amsar tana cikin rabon λ1 da λ2, wanda kuma ake kira lambar sharadi.

Idan lambar sharadi shine 1, yana nufin λ1 da λ2 iri ɗaya ne;suna da babban 'yancin kai.Ƙarfin tsarin 2 * 2 MIMO zai iya kaiwa iyakar.

Idan lambar sharadi ta fi 1, yana nufin λ1 da λ2 sun bambanta.Duk da haka, akwai tashoshi biyu na sararin samaniya, kuma ingancin ya bambanta, to tsarin zai sanya manyan albarkatun kan tashar tare da mafi kyawun inganci.Ta wannan hanyar, ƙarfin tsarin 2 * 2 MIMO shine sau 1 ko 2 na tsarin SISO.

Koyaya, ana samar da bayanan yayin watsa sararin samaniya bayan tashar tushe ta aika bayanan.Ta yaya tashar tushe ta san lokacin aika tashoshi ɗaya ko tashoshi biyu?

Kar ku manta, kuma babu wani sirri a tsakaninsu.Wayar hannu za ta aika da yanayin tashar ta da aka auna, matsayin matrix na watsawa, da shawarwari don precoding zuwa tashar tushe don tunani.

A wannan gaba, ina tsammanin za mu iya ganin cewa MIMO ya zama irin wannan abu.